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Identifying anomalous human spatial trajectory patterns can indicate dynamic changes in mobility behavior with applications in domains like infectious disease monitoring and elderly care. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their ability to reason in a manner akin to humans. This presents significant potential for analyzing temporal patterns in human mobility. In this paper, we conduct empirical studies to assess the capabilities of leading LLMs like GPT-4 and Claude-2 in detecting anomalous behaviors from mobility data, by comparing to specialized methods. Our key findings demonstrate that LLMs can attain reasonable anomaly detection performance even without any specific cues. In addition, providing contextual clues about potential irregularities could further enhances their prediction efficacy. Moreover, LLMs can provide reasonable explanations for their judgments, thereby improving transparency. Our work provides insights on the strengths and limitations of LLMs for human spatial trajectory analysis. 

In the current data-centered era, there are many highly diverse data sources that provide information about movement on networks, such as GPS trajectories, traffic flow measurements, farecard data, pedestrian cameras, bike-share data and even geo-social movement trajectories. The challenge identified in this vision paper is to create a unified framework for aggregating and analyzing such diverse and uncertain movement data on networks. This requires probabilistic models to capture flow/volume and movement probabilities on a network over time. Novel algorithms are required to train these models from datasets with varying levels of uncertainty. By combining information from different networks, immediate applications of such a unifying movement model include optimal site planning, map construction, traffic management, and emergency management.